The importance of museums

Hello, my dearest reader’s! In today’s post we will be talking about the most important museums we can find in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. In addition, we will talk about the importance museums have to preserve cultural heritage. We have picked this topic because we have recently read a review published on 2nd June in The Guardian. In this review, Marina Hydes talks about the importance of museums. 

First of all, what is a museum? Many people would answer that it is simply a place to see pictures. However, museums are more than that. Museums are not-for-profit, permanent institutions in the service of society that research, collect, conserve, interpret and exhibit cultural heritage. By cultural heritage we mean the legacy of a certain community that can be buildings, sculptures, paintings, tools for agriculture and livestock,…They are public, accessible and inclusive. What is more, they are an essential means to educate the new generations and give visibility on the history of a country or a civilisation.

To put you in context, the first museums were very different from the museums we know today. In Rome, the word “museum” was used for places for philosophical discussions. The first time the term “museum” was used to describe something similar to a modern museum was in the 15th century for the collection of Lorenzo de Medici in Florence. The first museums were private collections only accessible to a few people.They displayed rare and curious natural objects and artifacts. Some worked as “wonder rooms” or “cabinets of curiosities”.

In the United Kingdom there are about 2,500 museums. Almost 1,800 have been accredited. Some important museums in the United Kingdom are The British Museum, National Gallery, Natural Story Museum, Victorian and Albert Museum and the National Railway Museum. Meanwhile, in Northern Ireland there are only 44 museums accredited. Some examples are Titanic of Belfast, Ulster Museum, Irish Republican History Museum, Museum of Free Derry, Headhunters Barber Shop and Railway Museum and Museum of Orange Heritage-Schomberg House. 

Personally, we believe that museums do an exceptional job of conservation and restoration of works of art. It is very interesting to be able to know the history of different civilisations in the same place and time thanks to the museums. However, we would also like to allude to the fact that much of the art found in museums comes from plundering to other countries. We have mentioned this fact previously in another entry, but we would like to emphasise our position against these acts again. Moreover, we think it would be convenient to inform visitors of this situation to teach them the importance of not taking cultural pieces from other countries and to respect others' culture.

As we have said, the labour of museums have played a crucial role in preserving the cultural and historical heritage of societies since we can remember. Their exhibitions help to provide a real connection with our past, which is really important to new generations that will learn easily about their roots.This is also truly useful for education and learning because museums are valuable educational resources: they offer a dynamic and interactive learning environment.

To our minds, museums are nerve centres for artistic expression and cultural exploration. These places provide a platform for artists  to display their works and contribute to the appreciation of different ways of art. This is related to another thought that we have about this, which is the inspiration  and creativity that museums contribute to create. This occurs because visitors are exposed to a wide range of diverse ideas, perspectives and ways of feeling. 

We believe that cultural identity is the mean motive for preserving heritage art. Museums contribute to a community (ethnical, personal...), a city, a nation or a village's sense of identity and pride by demonstrating its achievements, history, and unique cultural elements. They also help individuals connect with their roots and develop a sense of belonging. This is visible above all in natural history museums, which are in charge of the preservation of Natural Heritage.

If we are going to talk about the pros of the museums, we can not forget that they often attract tourists, contributing to the local visitors. Visitors to museums may spend money on accommodations, dining, and other activities too. They would boost the economic well-being of the surrounding community.

At least but not last, museums encourage critical thinking by presenting diverse perspectives and challenging preconceived notions. They provide visitors a space for reflection, allowing them to contemplate and question the world around them. That is what we have been trying to do during these weeks with our blog. 

We hope that you all have enjoyed this journey with us, reading and learning new things that may help you open your minds and your souls to the artistic world. Since the first moment, we have tried to make this blog enjoyable and didactic. We have appreciated your feedback and support, and it has been an honour to look for interesting information for you. 

We are now saying goodbye after many weeks here with you. We hope that you like this entry and we also encourage you to read all the previous posts if you have not done it yet. See you soon, my dearest readers! 

Bibliography: 

History of museums - from oldest to modern museums. (s.f). http://www.historyofmuseums.com/

Hyde, M. (2023, 2 junio). As wars rage, museums and culture become all the more important. The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jun/02/as-wars-rage-museums-and-culture-become-all-the-more-important

Museum definition (2023) International Council of museums https://icom.museum/en/resources/standards-guidelines/museum-definition/

Christmas Movies

Hi there, my dearest readers! In today's post we will be talking about the film industry and the Christmas movies. While we were reading some news on The Guardian, a British online newspaper, we saw one that caught our attention: a review of the Christmas comic movie Elf. We have decided to pick this topic because Christmas is coming and joy has filled our hearts.

We would like to explain why we think that films should also be considered art because there are lots of people who believe that they don't fit in the artistic plane. Films should be considered art because they usually involve creative expression, emotional impact and social criticism. Films also have a significant influence on culture and society: we all have experienced, at least once, the feeling of ending watching a movie and knowing that it has changed our life. 

Christmas is the time of the year when you can find Christmas movies on any television program. On many occasions they are the same movies that we have already seen last year but we continue to watch them anyway because they are entertaining and have that vibe that we are already on vacation. Other places where we can watch excellent Christmas movies are Netflix and Prime Video. They have a very extensive and varied movie catalogue, with movies for audiences of all ages. You can find complete sagas of Christmas movies. You can find them if you search in the section corresponding to these movies

It is common to have this melancholic feeling after watching a Christmas movie. To our minds, a Christmas movie often brings joy, warmth, and a sense of nostalgia by coming back to our childhood memories and emotions. They have a magical way of capturing not only the essence of holiday spirit but the essence of family and friends love by transporting us to a world filled with generosity and the importance of togetherness. In addition, many movies have a moral that is very enriching for children to understand the values of Christmas and many other important values, it can even be very useful for some adults

Nowadays, it is pretty frequent to watch movies at home instead of going to the cinema. We know that, with all the facilities we have for staying at home, it is hard to go out to watch a film. However, we feel there are pros and cons for both: staying at home and going to the cinema. When you watch movies at home, you have the flexibility to watch movies at any time that suits you the best. It is cheaper than going to the cinema, especially for families. And talking about families, there is another convenience for them: while watching a movie at home, you have the ability to pause it and rewind it, which is really helpful when you have little kids and they have to pee or they are just chatting. Another important thing, watching movies at home saves you from having to pay so much money for some popcorn and a soft drink, at home you can eat and drink everything you want for an affordable price.

There are nonetheless some cons because home environments can have more distractions, such as phones on, chores or interruptions from others, and watching movies at home might lack the social aspects of going to the cinema. At home there are also screens that are generally smaller than cinema screens, and the quality is usually lowest. Another point against it would be that when you find yourself at home watching a movie on your warm couch or your bed you are more likely to fall asleep and you can miss the whole movie. Furthermore, at home we can suffer problems with the Wi-Fi network or the power can go out which is a nuisance to be able to watch the movie in peace.

As a conclusion, it doesn't matter if you watch the movies at the cinema or at home, what matters is that you can enjoy that free time and get rid of all the problems of everyday life even if it's only an hour. Although from the bottom of our hearts, we believe that it will be more than an hour since once you have been infected with the Christmas spirit you will not stop watching a movie after another.

Apart from all this, we would like to recommend some Christmas movies that we have seen and we really liked how they can be The nightmare before Christmas, Jingle Jangle, The man who invented Christmas and A boy called Christmas. For those who don't like Christmas movies for "children" we have A Christmas Horror Story, Violent Night, Detective Night:Redemption and  Last Train to Christmas.

To end with today’s entry, we would like to encourage all those who are reading this post to rest a little from the daily routine and spend time watching movies with their loved ones. We believe that it will be a quality time and that you will enjoy it a lot. In addition, we encourage you not to spend Christmas alone and spend it with family and friends with whom you can feel at home and safe.

Thank you all for reading our content, we hope from the bottom of our hearts you enjoy it and mainly that you learn from it. See you soon, my dearest readers!

                                                            Bibliography:

Bradshaw, P. (2023, 30 noviembre). Elf Review – Will Ferrell is still Santa’s biggest helper in Christmas comedy favourite. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/nov/30/elf-review-will-ferrell-is-still-santas-biggest-helper-in-christmas-comedy-favourite

100 Best Christmas Movies of All Time - Classic Christmas Films. (s. f.). https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-christmas-movies/

Women and art

Hi there, my dearest readers! In today’s post we will be talking about the relation between women and art and the challenges that women have in this profession. We have picked this topic because of an article we have read last Wednesday 15th November by Toby Thomas in The Guardian, a British digital newspaper. In this article, Toby Thomas commented on the life of Shirley Thompson, a brilliant composer, and the difficulties she had to face in the music industry.

Shirley Thompson. Photography by Wunmi Onibudo/The Guardian

Music is a unique form of art. It is a lyrical and auditory representation of many stories. Through patterned constructions of words, rhythm and instrumental collaboration, music provides listeners with insight to personal experiences and even in-depth interpretations of the world around us. The literal meaning of the word ‘music’ according to any dictionary is: ‘art of combining vocal or instrumental sounds in a harmonious or expressive way’.

Not everybody thinks that music is art or even an artistic way of learning, but we believe that music must be considered art because it involves creativity, emotional expression and the ability to communicate ideas and feelings too. As we have said before, music is a powerful form of artistic expression which transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. From our perspectives, music enriches our lives. Music is very helpful for people since it can help calm those who suffer from mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or people who suffer from anxiety. It also makes us enjoy and experience emotions such as joy, longing, etc.

While reading this article we have realised that women also struggle in this industry even though it could be seen easier for them by people outside the industry because of sexualization. However, we can find examples in which this does not apply like Amy Winehouse, a complete genius, singer, and composer who was underrated just for being a woman. In the case of Shirley Thompson, she was also underestimated for being black but, instead of giving up, she has fought for her place and recognition and she is one of the most courageous and talented composers of all time.

The situation of women in the music industry has made us also reflect on the way society is built.  Traces of patriarchy and sexism can be seen in all sectors of the arts.  If we pay attention we can see that all the best-known paintings, sculptures, buildings and songs have belonged to men. Women have always been delegated to the background and to a life dedicated exclusively to caring for the family.  In ancient times, women had to adopt male identities to excel in their fields.  However, nowadays women are gradually gaining more strength in artistic fields.

To our minds, sexism and racism are detrimental to art (and obviously to every single thing) as long as they mean the suppression of voices of people who probably are wise and have lots of knowledge to teach. When you restrict somebody just for her gender or the colour of her skin you are denying yourself the opportunity to learn about new cultures and losing cultural richness too. In addition, when you limit artists just for their origin you are excluding them from work opportunities.

When you are a woman, especially a black woman, you have to fight harder than any man to gain a foothold in every single industry, no matter if it is an artistic, an economic or even an educational one. People have lots of prejudices rooted in the colour of other people's skin and this is atrocious for cultural awareness and in general for humanity. We consider this attitude as a backwardness to achieve a progressive society without gender or colour restrictions

There are many preconceptions against black women artists that are rooted in stereotypes, racism, and gender discrimination. However it is really important to note that these observations are not representative of the experience and talents of these women. There exists some stereotypes about their talent and their ability because people tend to assume that black women artists are not as talented or skilled as their colleagues from other racial or gender groups. Another problem that they have to face is the lack of recognition and the invisibility, and also the expectations of specific style as long as it is believed that they have to follow particular cultural or aesthetic norms.

We believe that it is truly important to challenge and beat these prejudices, promote diversity and inclusion in the art world and also appreciate the nourishing culture learning that they offer us. We should learn to open our minds to new perspectives. In addition, we think that it is essential that the next generations understand that the great diversity of people is nothing bad or strange, on the contrary, it is what makes us live in a multicultural society.

To end with this entry, we would like to stress the importance of tolerance and emphasise the labour of these women who have worked really hard to make their own path in the music industry and in the laboral world. Furthermore, we want to encourage all those women who are afraid to pursue their dreams to strive and achieve their goals without caring about what others may think or say about them.

Thank you all for reading our content, we hope from the bottom of our hearts you enjoy it and mainly that you learn from it. See you soon, my dearest readers! 

Bibliography:

Garino, N. (2019, 16 octubre). Music as art. The Odyssey Online. https://www.theodysseyonline.com/music-as-art 

Music is an art form - 1504 words | Bartleby. (s. f.). https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Music-Is-an-Art-Form-F3VFUE936ZZA

Artificial Intelligence and art

Hi there, my dearest readers! In today's post we will be talking about the relation between AI (Artificial Intelligence) and modern art styles. We have picked this topic because we have read a review published last Friday 20th October by Jonathan Jones in The Guardian, a British digital newspaper. In this review, Jones commented on a new exhibition created by Mat Collishaw, a visual artist who has composed an exceptional and flowered collection of works of art made by AI.

The Centrifugal Soul (detail), 2016 … a spinning sculpture based on a zoetrope. Photograph: Mat Collishaw

To put you in context, Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intellegence processes by machines, especially computer systems. In general, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data, analyzing the data for correlations and patterns, and using these patterns to make predictions about future states. AI programmes focuses on cognitive skills that include the following: learning, reasoning, self-correction and creativity.

This new exhibition and artistic expression has made us realise that times and art are changing. We have some knowledge of the History of Art —because we studied it at high school— so we know how ancient British artists used to paint and express their thoughts and feelings on the coarse cloth and it was quite different as it is nowadays. We truly believe that there are great examples of artist among all artistic periods such as Geroge Gower (Renaissance), Joshua Reynolds (Baroque) or William Turner (Romanticism).

To our minds, sculptures, paintings and artworks in general used to be majestic and pretty precise. It took days, weeks or even months to artists just to create and finish one piece but at the present there are diverse artistic ways. There are some ongoing artists who still work as their predecessors did: they catch the easel, the coarse cloth, the paint, and immediately start designing their sketches and drawings. However, there are others who take their computers, describe what they want to represent on their illustrations and an AI does its labour, and we think that this is truly disappointing.

From our perspective, art loses all its sense when it is not generated by humans as long as it is the most touching action that a person can offer. Today, there are only a few details that make the difference between the human and the machine; nevertheless, there is one that is crucial: feelings. This is the main reason why art would never be felt the same if is is made by Artificial Intelligence instead of human artists.

Another reason why we consider that art loses all meaning if Artificial Intelligence is used is because we believe that the culture of effort is lost. By culture of effort we refer to the time and effort that was required before to achieve the objectives or goals of each one. Artist express through their art the effort that has entailed making the work, in addition to expressing feelings, ideas, concepts, … However, with AI this is not achieved because it is simply a work that does not transmit anything.

We both recognise that Artificial Intelligence can be very useful but we also consider that it should not be used for absolutely every task we have to do. AI is easily accessible and it is available to everyone as well as it is a double-edged sword. When we have such a helpful tool within reach, we tend to forget that it is just a device which we can use in case we need it instead of something that is going to make all of our job for us. 

Thinking about this topic, we have concluded that the use of AI on art has both advantages and disadvantages because, on the one hand, AI can assist artists and help them to generate new ideas and concepts and can provide them inspiration too. Artists can collaborate with AI to combine their creative visions and the results could be totally unique because the AI is able to create personalised art.

But on the other hand, as we have said before, art created with AI lacks authenticity and emotional touch and it is usually considered impersonal. AI in art also can cause dismissals if it starts doing the job that a human used to do before. Furthermore, excessive use of IA can cause overdependence that ,in the long run, can have harmful effects on health. Another disadvantage is the high expense of implementing the systems and the great pollution they produce when they are created.

To end with today’s entry, we would like to encourage all those new artists to use their artistic potential without the need to use Artificial Intelligence. We are not suggesting that it can not be used as a support tool, but we believe that there is nothing more beautiful that enjoying art in all its splendour.

Thank you all for reading our content, we hope from the bottom of our hearts you enjoy it and mainly that you learn from it. See you soon, my dearest readers!

Bibliography:

Jones, J. (2023, 20 octubre). Mat Collishaw Review – AI plants Put the shock and sensation back into British art. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/oct/20/mat-collishaw-review-fabricated-plants-put-the-shock-and-sensation-back-into-british-art

          Burns, E., Laskowski, N., & Tucci, L. (2023, 10 julio). Artificial Intelligence (AI). Enterprise AI. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence

Muralist art in Ireland

Hi there, my dearest readers! In today's post we will be talking about muralist art in Ireland. We have decided to pick this topic because we have recently travelled to Ireland and we have found the culture of murals to be so deeply rooted in this country.

To put you in context, murals are large works of art painted on walls, fences and sides of buildings. Irish wall-paintings started in the late 1970s and can be seen as a visual display of a social movement. Nowadays,there are approximately 2,000 murals created since the 1970s. Most of these murals are found in the city of Belfast (300 murals) and other cities like Derry, Newtownards, Bangor, Carrickfergus, Portadown, Newry, Ballymena and Enniskillen. The intention behind the creation of the murals can be very diverse: political intentions, sectarian intentions, commemorate events, commemorate moments in Irish history, portray events from Irish mythology, etc.

However, not all pieces of art in the murals are well received by citizens. A recent article written by Laura Lyne Reporter and Cathal Ryan and published last 23 of August on the Irish Mirror is the proof of this. This piece combines an image of Michael Collins, an important freedom fighter, and the country's favourite snack, the Chickatees.

                                             The Mickatees design (Image: Dublin Canvas)

When we were talking about muralist art, we noticed that we have disagreed this time because we two have different opinions about this type of artistic expression. On the one hand, Rocio thinks that murals could be seen as vandalism but on the other hand, Mari Cruz thinks they could also be admired as if they were diamonds or gold bars.

One of us thinks that the murals in some cases are acts of vandalism. To be able to paint a mural in Ireland, you need permission from the owner of the building or venue where you want to paint it, however there are many people who do not do this and paint murals without permission. On many occasions the drawings do not represent anything, they are just graffiti and random drawings like smiley faces. This situation causes a lot of discontent among neighbors. This is why artists should stop painting murals and make their paintings on paper.

In spite of that, the other one believes that murals are truly nourishing in a cultural and artistic way and that they are also more terrific than some pieces of art which are exposed at the best museums. That is because murals allow artists to express themselves freely. They can put their thoughts and feelings on a wall so everybody is allowed to see it, appreciate it and meditate about their own emotions and opinions.

Moreover, murals could be such a great opportunity to beautify the aesthetic of a neighborhood or city and to unite the local community because they would feel proud when the murals are finished and they can admire the stunning result that could attract tourists therefore they could have economic profits. There are lots of famous murals that have increased tourism heavily in some cities like Lugo, Tilburg or Dublin among others. This raise has brought to these cities and neighborhoods  many economical and commercial benefits and fame too.

Besides these reasons, there is another that is considered the most important one and it is the cultural and ethnic representation. It happens because muralists often celebrate diversity and they usually  like to represent different heritages and traditions of different communities which is pretty important as long as they support inclusivity and tolerance.

Muralist art is popular among younger people and tourists  because of its accessibility since they are not inside a gallery where you have to pay to see it. Murals are accessible to everyone. We think this is an important point indeed because not everybody can afford tickets for the museums or galleries. Art is such a wholesome aspect of life that should be available to anyone who would like to enjoy it. 

To conclude, we would like to encourage all of you to express yourself and also to travel and contemplate works of art because they could help you to grow in a spiritual and emotional way. We shouldn't be afraid of showing our feelings and opinions to the world. 

We are now saying goodbye until next Friday! Thank you all for reading our content, we hope from the bottom of our hearts you enjoy it and mainly that you learn from it. See you soon, my dearest readers!

Images:

Bibliography:

Poole, R. and Llewellyn J. (2017, 10th September). Northern Ireland murals. Alpha History. https://alphahistory.com/northernireland/northern-ireland-murals/ 

O'Donoghue S. (2023, 7th April). A look at Northern Ireland's iconic murals -25 years after the GoodFriday Agreement. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/04/07/a-look-at-northern-irelands-iconic-murals-25-years-after-the-good-friday-agreement

Wikip  Wikipedia contributors. (2023a). Murals in Northern Ireland.

Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murals_in_Northern_Ireland

             Lyne,L. and Ryan,C. (2023, 23 agosto). Controversial Michael Collins mural leaves Dubliners divided. Irish Mirror.-https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/controversial-michael-collins-mural-leaves-30768385

Neolithic tomb, archeological looting and Egyptian pieces

Hi there, my dearest readers! Welcome to our blog British and Irish art. Our names are Rocio Serrano Arnesto and Mari Cruz Mesa Ruiz and we are Translation and Interpreting students. Some Fridays we will be sharing our thoughts and opinions about topics related to literature, music, cinema, art, museums, and so on. We will also be doing reviews of actual, current news which involve these topics too. 

In today's post, you will find information about old tombs moved recently, archeological looting, and Egyptian pieces.

The first article that we are going to comment on was written last 25th September by Rebecca Black and we read it at Irish Independent, an Irish online newspaper. It is about an ancient tomb, older than the Egyptian pyramids, which was discovered in Ballintaggart. 

The tomb, dating to the Neolithic era, was excavated from its original location in 1996 and it was moved to the Ulster Museum until 2006 when it was transferred again to Ulster Folk Museum because of some renovations that had to take place. But this year is coming back to its first home, the Ulster Museum.

What has caught our attention is the fact that this tomb is originally from Ireland and it is still there nowadays. However, this is not what happens when the historical remains are from another country such as India, Greece or Egypt.

Thinking about it, we have remembered some news that we had read on the BBC last December about a sarcophagus that the University College Cork, an Irish university, is going to return to Egypt this year 2023. Inside this sarcophagus there were human remains and typical Egyptian mummification items like canopic jars and cartonnage.

Currently, only a 10% of looted art has come back to its original country and we consider that is extremely unfair because art is one of the most nourishing cultural aspects for a growing society. 

In addition to this, the British empire had stolen not only works of art but archeological pieces, which lacked any ethical values. They had stolen the souvenirs of a nation, of a society and of a whole historical period. Art should be where it belongs so anybody who has grown up at the same place that the artist did can enjoy it and learn from it.

If you visit the British Museum, you will find a large variety of works of art that respond to many differents ethnics groups: The Parthenon Sculptures (Greece), Rosetta Stone (Egypt), Hoa Hakananai’a (Chile), Benin Bronzes (Nigeria), Maqdala Treasures (Ethiopia)...

We asked ourselves why the governments haven't taken part in this problem, but then we searched for information and found out that there has even been a conflict between the United Kingdom and Iran for the Cyrus Cylinder, which texts has been considered the first human rights declarations. Iran government has demanded to take it back but they have just achieved a short term loan. But Iran is not the only nation that has tried to recover its remains: Nigeria and Ethiopia have been fighting for years attempting to rescue their looted art. 

As we have said before, looting is harrowing for the cultural society and for the nation's history. Imagine you are a tourist in Greece. It would be awful, painful indeed, being walking around the Pantheon and realising that you can't enjoy it completely because somebody pulled up a part of it. Now imagine that you are not a tourist but a native Greek and you have to deal with that feeling everyday, with the feeling of have lost a really important details of your past. 

We have looked for real natives and experts testimonies and almost all of them share the same opinion: the archeological remains should come back where they used to be when they were created.

We also got the point of the British government because having all that exotic stuff is wholesome for their economy and their fame. The British army was objectively brilliant and it is well known that they conquered lots of different places, but they can't own all they want.

As far as we are concerned, money is not all that is worth. What about values? We definitely should not forget that we are just people after all. We are all the same and we deserve to have the same opportunities.  

We are going to add right down some photographies of the Neolithic tomb and of the Egyptian sarcophagus with its mummified remains.

We are now saying goodbye until next Friday! Thank you all for reading our content, we truly hope you enjoy it and mainly that you learn from it. We just want to make you think and expand your knowledge. If you would like to learn more about looted art, let us know in the comments section below.

See you soon, my dearest reader!

Photographies:

The Neolithic tomb.

The Egyptian sarcophagus.

Bibliography:

Black, R. (2023, 25th September). Tomb Older than the Pyramids secures new home at Ulster Folk Museum. Independent.ie. https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/tomb-older-than-the-pyramids-secures-new-home-at-ulster-folk-museum/a1491054515.html

Armstrong, B. K. (2022, 8th December). Ireland to return mummified remains and sarcophagus to Egypt. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63908027

Wikipedia contributors. (2023). Art theft. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_theft#:~:text=Only%20a%20small%20percentage%20of,valued%20at%20over%20%24500%20million.

B, D. (2019, 14 septiembre). Estos son los mayores tesoros expoliados que exhiben los museos (y reclaman los países de origen). El Español. https://www.elespanol.com/cultura/patrimonio/20190915/mayores-tesoros-expoliados-exhiben-museos-reclaman-paises/428987102_3.html#img_7